|
|
SOME
HISTORICAL FACTS
|
|
| 1300
B.C. - 1300 A.C |
Diversity of
cultures and civilizations in Anatolia (Hitit, Troy, Persian,
Roman, Byzantine and Seljuk) |
| 1300 - 1922 |
Ottoman Empire |
| 1923 |
Mustafa Kemal:
Founder and first President of Turkish Republic |
|
"Kemalism":
European-oriented, secular national state |
| 1946 |
Multiparty
Democracy |
| 1952 |
NATO membership |
| 1960 |
Free Labour
Unions |
| 1961 |
OECD membership |
| since 1960s |
Increasing
industrialization |
| 1964 |
Associated EC
member |
| 1983 |
Liberalization
Economy |
| 1987 |
Application for
full EC membership |
| 1996 |
Inauguration of
customs union with EU |
| 2000 |
Admitted as a
candidate member for EU |
| 2004 |
Received start up for EU accession negotiations |
GEOGRAPHY
& NATURAL RESOURCES
TOTAL
AREA:
779.542
km², Thrace(Europe): 23.764 km², Anatolia (Asia): 755.688 km²,
Max Length: 1.565 km, Average width: 550 km.
COASTLINE:
8.333
km, Aegean: 2.805 km, Mediterranean: 1.577 km, Black Sea: 1.695 km,
Marmara: 927 km.
FRONTIERS:
2.753
km, Syria:877 km, Former USSR (Georgia, Armenia, Nakhichevan
Autonomous Region):610 km, Iran:454 km, Iraq: 331 km, Bulgaria: 269
km, Greece 212 km.
LAND:
30%
arable, 4% permanent crops, 12% meadows and pastures, 26% forest and
woodland, 28% other.
REGIONS:
7
geographical regions: Marmara, Aegean, Mediterranean, Black Sea,
Central Anotolian, Eastern and Southeastern.
CLIMATE:
Three
climate zones: the Mediterranean (hot and dry summers, mild and wet
winters), continental (hot and dry summers, cold and harsh winter),
the Black Sea (temperate and wet all year long)
AGRICULTURAL
PRODUCTS:
Wheat,
barley corn, cotton, tea, tobacco, hazelnuts, figs, grapes,
sunflower seeds, soybeans, sugar beets, fresh fruıts and vegetables,
fresh flowers.
NATURAL
RESOURCES:
Oil,
coal, lignite, borate, chromium, iron ore, copper, manganese,
antimony, mercury, sulphur, zinc, borax, meerschaum, phosphate, lead,
geothermal wells.
DEMOGRAPHY
POPULATION:
| Overall 67.8 million (2001
figure) |
|
| Major
Cities: |
|
| Istanbul |
13 million |
| Ankara |
6 million |
| İzmir |
4 million |
|
|
| GROWTH
RATE: |
1.4% p.a |
|
|
| AVERAGE
DENSITY: |
90 person / km² |
|
|
| LIFE EXPENLACY AT
BIRTH: |
71.2 years |
|
|
| AGE
DECOMPOSITION: |
53% under 25 years old |
|
|
| AVAILABLE WORK
FORCE: |
2.5 million |
|
|
| OFFCIAL
LANGUAGE: |
Turkish |
|
|
| RELIGION:
|
Muslim 98%, Orthodox, Catholic, Protestant,
Jewish and others: 2% Greek Orthodox Patriarch and Armenian
Patriarch are located in Istanbul. |
LEGAL
AND ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM
| GOVERNMENT
TYPE: |
Republican parliamnentary
democracy |
|
|
| CAPITAL: |
Ankara |
|
|
| ADMINISTRIVE
DIVISIONS: |
81 provinces |
|
|
| INDEPENDENCE: |
29 October 1923 (successor state
to the Ottoman Empire) |
|
|
| CONSTITUTION: |
Adopted 7 November 1982,
ammendments in 1987, 1995 and 2002 |
|
|
| LEGAL
SYSTEM:
|
Derived from from various
European continental legal systems; accepts compulsory ICJ
jurisdiction, with reservations |
|
|
| SUFFRAGE: |
18 years of age; universal |
|
|
| EXECUTIVE
BRANCH:
|
Chief of state:President Ahmed
Necdet Sezer
Head of government:Prime Minister tayyip erdoğan |
|
|
| LEGISLATIVE
BRANCH:
|
Unicameral Grand National
Assembly of Turkey or Turkiye Buyuk Millet Meclisi (550 seats;
members are elected by popular vote to serve five years terms) |
|
|
| JUDICIAL
BRANCH:
|
Constitutional Court (judges are
appointed by the president). Court of Appeals (judges are
elected by the Supreme Council of Judges and Prosecuters) |
|
|
| maın
POLITICAL PARTIES
AND LEADERS:
|
- Justice and Development Party or AKP Tayyip Erdoğan
- Republican People's Party or CHP
Deniz Baykal
- True Path Party or DYP
Mehmet Ağar
- Young Party or GP
Cem Uzan
- Nationalist Action Party or MHP
Devlet Bahçeli
- Motherland Party or ANAP
Ali Talip Özdemir
|
|
|
|
| MAJOR INTERNATIONAL
ORGANISATIONS:
|
UN
(United Nations), European Parliment, EU (European
Union - associate member / Member of the Customs Union with
the EU), NATO, OECD, CSCE (Conference on Security and
Cooperation in Europe), GATT, BSECC (black Sea Economic
Cooperation Council), WHO, IMF, ILO, UNESCO, ECOSOC, FAO, IDB
(Islamic Development Bank), INTELSAT, INTERPOL. |
POLITICAL
ENVIRONMENT
|
TURKISH
REPUBLIC |
| Commitment
to Europe |
Democracy |
Secularism |
- Swiss civil law/Italian
criminal law.
- Adoption of Latin
alphabet and numbers in one stroke
- International
memberships -NATO(1952) -OECD(1961)
-EU customs union since 1996
|
- Multiparty
system
- History of regular
change of governments with sustained social and economic
development
- Multiparty
coalitions/ involving both left-center and right-center
between 1991-2002
|
- Clearly established
legally and socially
- Military perceived
as guardian of secularism
- Liberal, pragmatic
attitude of the nation to religion
|
|
Right center
majority government since 2002
|
|
ECONOMY
MAIN
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
|
2001 |
2002 |
2003 |
2004 |
2005F |
| GROSS
NATIONAL PRODUCT |
|
|
|
|
|
| GNP (US$
bn) |
144 |
182 |
244 |
300 |
330 |
| GNP per
capital (US$) |
2105 |
2619 |
3400 |
4180 |
4530 |
| GNP
growth (%) |
-9.5 |
7.9 |
5.9 |
8.5 |
6.5 |
| INDUSTRIAL
PRODUCTION |
|
|
|
|
|
| Annual
Growth (%) |
-8.9 |
9.2 |
8.5 |
9.8 |
8.5 |
| Capacity
Utilization (%) |
71.9 |
76.2 |
78.5 |
81.7 |
80.0 |
| annual INFLATION (YEAR-END) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Annual
WPI (%) |
88.6 |
30.8 |
13.9 |
13.8 |
9.0 |
| Annual
CPI (%) |
68.5 |
29.7 |
18.4 |
9.3 |
8.0 |
| FX
RATES (YEAR-END) |
|
|
|
|
|
| yTL-US$
(%) |
1.4466 |
1.6397 |
1.3933 |
1.3363 |
1.4505 |
| yTL-Euro
(%) |
1.2813 |
1.7189 |
1.7575 |
1.8233 |
1.8856 |
| BALANCE
OF PAYMENTS (USD BN) |
|
|
|
|
|
| total
Exports |
31.3 |
36.1 |
47.2 |
62.8 |
71 |
| total
Imports |
41.4 |
51.6 |
69.3 |
97.2 |
104 |
| Current
Account Balance |
2.4 |
-0.8 |
-3.2 |
-5.2 |
-4.0 |
| net
DEBT of public Sector |
|
|
|
|
|
| net External
% |
38.2 |
32.4 |
22.1 |
21.0 |
20.0 |
| net Domestic
% |
52.8 |
46.3 |
48.3 |
46 |
45 |
| total net Dept
/ GNP (%) |
91 |
78.7 |
70.4 |
67 |
65 |
| RESERVES (USD bn) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Total
International Reserves |
32.1 |
37.8 |
48.5 |
57.7 |
n/a |
| Central
Bank Reserves |
18.7 |
26.7 |
33.6 |
34.9 |
n/a |
| MONETARY
EXPOSURES (USD bn) |
|
|
|
|
|
| TL
Deposits |
32.8 |
37.9 |
57.6 |
78.1 |
n/a |
| FX
Deposits |
41.2 |
43.9 |
48.3 |
61.8 |
n/a |
| CONSOLIDATED
BUDGET (USD bn) |
|
|
|
|
|
| Revenues |
35.6 |
46.1 |
72.0 |
82.2 |
87.1 |
| Expenditures |
55.7 |
70.5 |
100.8 |
104.9 |
107.1 |
| Budget
Balance / gnp (%) |
-17.0 |
-15.0 |
-11.2 |
-7.1 |
-6.3 |
| primary surplus / GnP (%) consolidated budget |
4.8 |
2.4 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
5.0 |
| primary surplus / GnP (%) public sector |
5.5 |
4.0 |
6.0 |
7.0 |
6.5 |
INTEREST RATES (%) |
|
|
|
|
|
| NOMINAL INTEREST RATE (AVER.) |
97.0 |
63.0 |
45.0 |
26.0 |
17.0 |
| REAL INTEREST RATE (EX-ANTE) |
36.0 |
30.0 |
30.5 |
14.0 |
8.0 |
UNEMPLOYMENT RATE (%) |
8.4 |
10.3 |
10.5 |
10.0 |
9.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
| *Estimates |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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